The increase in Q1 shipments decelerated from the very strong gains achieved in the second half of 2021 especially Q4.  This is reflected in Parker Bay’s Mobile Mining Equipment Index (Q1 2007 = 100) which increased to 95.3 from Q4’s 93.0.  Unit volume declined slightly while the value of these machines increased by a modest 2.4% as compared to the 16% increase recorded by Q4 2021 deliveries.  This reflects in part a shift among product lines – shipments of higher priced hydraulic shovels/excavators and trucks increased while deliveries of relatively lower-priced wheel loaders and dozers declined.  Within product lines, deliveries of hydraulic machines were on average substantially larger but not the mining trucks they are paired with.  Such discrepancies are not likely to reflect long-term pairings as they represent only a very small percentage of the operating population of both.  The decline in both dozer and wheel loader shipments have been protracted and substantial.  Since the most recent expansion cycle began in Q4 2020, unit shipments of trucks and excavators are up 170% and 73% respectively (albeit from very depressed levels in Q3 2020).  But dozer deliveries are still 6% below the start of the expansion; wheel loaders nearly 20%.  Sales of both product lines held up better during the last contraction.  And part of the explanation may be due to the availability of good quality used machines which in general are more easily resold and transferred than larger machines.  But it is not yet clear to Parker Bay if there are other contributing factors to the continued weak shipments of these two product lines.

As is very often the case, quarterly shipments vary widely by geographic region and mineral application.  These variations were particularly wide in Q1 2022.  Geographically, the more traditional markets with the largest equipment requirements – North America and Australasia – were up 21% and 34% respectively, while Latin America, Africa and Asia all declined by 16% or more.  Deliveries to Russia/CIS mines declined by 7% but it’s questionable whether this was the result of the war in Ukraine.  It affected only the last six weeks of the quarter and likely had no impact on shipments within Russia/CIS or China.  Mineral markets diverged greatly with iron mines taking on 77% more shipments than in Q4 2021 and Canadian oils sands more than tripling from a very low Q4 2021, yet only +5% YoY.  Shipments to coal markets worldwide increased by a modest 7%.  In sharp contrast, the previously strong copper and gold sectors declined by more than 30% each.  Again, we caution reading too much into changes from one quarter to the next.

Although growth in shipments decelerated from Q4, the conditions for continued gains remain in place, at least in the short term.  Mineral prices are generally strong and output higher and growing.  In some markets there are indications of supply shortages. Although Parker Bay does not have access to manufacturers’ orders and backlogs except as they are made public, there are indications that they continue to grow, and that delivery lead times are longer than a year ago.  One manufacturer cited increased utilization of machines in service, and this should indicate that miners will require additions to their fleets if demand for their output continues to grow.  And used equipment sales are reportedly strong.  All these conditions point toward continued growth.

But there are also problems that will limit these gains.  Manufacturers’ costs are increasing, and they are understood to be passing this increase along in higher prices.  There are continuing supply chain problems, and these may worsen as the impact of the war in Ukraine expands.  It now appears there will be no near-term settlement of the hostilities.  Based on public disclosures, indications are that some Ukraine mines have remained in operation while those close to the Black Sea have been forced to suspend operations.  Machines at those operations are recorded as ‘parked’ and account for about 20% of the national total.  But it’s possible that operations at other mines have been disrupted, resulting in larger numbers of inactive equipment than reported in the Database.

Outside of Ukraine, the Database does not yet reflect significant impacts of the war.  Some sectors, both mining and mining equipment, will undoubtedly be affected even after a hoped-for settlement of hostilities.  Russia exports of coal will be affected though not to all countries. U.S. manufacturers have suspended activities in Russia and sanctions will limit sales from North American and European equipment suppliers.  These will likely be replaced by Russian/CIS equipment suppliers and, perhaps, by imports increased from China.  All of these changes and more may be part of greater shifts in trade patterns and economic dislocations.  Coupled with monetary authorities’ efforts to contain inflation, the result could well be a global recession which would likely result in mineral and mining market contractions and declining equipment sales later in the year or in 2023.  But for now, we expect some continued growth in machine shipments this year.

After substantial declines in the global market for large mobile surface mining equipment during 2019-2020 (in part Covid-related), strong gains were recording across 2021 despite some supply-chain problems.  During the fourth quarter of 2021, shipments increased by 16% over the third quarter of the year and a very impressive 43% over the fourth quarter of 2020.  For the full year, 2021 shipments topped US$7 billion for the first time since 2018.  Parker Bay’s Surface Mining Equipment Index (constant dollar-weight, Q1 2007 = 100) increased from 79.5 in Q3 to 92.3 in Q4 while remaining well below peak level obtained in 2012-13.

Deliveries by product line, geographic region and mineral sector were generally though not universally higher.  Mining trucks accounted for the majority of 2021 shipments’ value at $4.5 billion which derived from deliveries of nearly 2,700 units.  Hydraulic shovels/excavators were second in shipments value at just over $1 billion followed by crawler and wheel dozers at $830 million.

Even on a year-over-year basis, the differences between regions were stark.  Russia/CIS shipments more than doubled and accounted for nearly 30% of all 2021 shipments value at $2 billion.  Australasian shipments nearly doubled and accounted for just under $2 billion.  Deliveries to Latin American mines increased by 37% over 2020 resulting in total value of $1.2 billion.  The fourth largest region, North America, saw shipments decline by 5% when compared to full-year 2020.  A similar decline of 3% was recorded for African miners.

General mining market activity does not appear to have changed materially over the past three months.  A few mineral markets where prices had surged to record or nearly record levels (copper, gold, iron, met coal) have pulled back but not necessarily enough to discourage mining companies from continuing with equipment replacement and expansion plans.  The explanation of the moderating shipments activity may at least partially lie with global supply chain problems that have affected virtually all sectors of the global economy.  Given the long lead times for some of the essential components in mining equipment manufacture, these problems may have begun earlier in the year and are only now being manifested in product deliveries.  One major manufacturer has publicly stated that Q3 shipments would have been higher if not for “supply chain snags” and that they expected these to continue into 2022.  While we’re not privy to other possible manufacturers’ supply chain difficulties, it’s likely that many of them were impacted in a similar fashion as many equipment suppliers depend on some of the same component suppliers.

Comparing Q3 2021 to Q3 2020 shows markedly better numbers.  Q3 2020 was the cyclical bottom and thus the year-over-year data accumulates the previous three quarters’ gains producing a 57% favorable increase over that cyclical bottom.  But as indicated by Parker Bay’s index, the mining equipment markets remain well below the peak achieved at the end of the mining super-cycle of 2012.

Within the aggregate Q3 shipments totals are the usual variations: mining truck deliveries were marginally higher, dozers slightly lower.  Within this and other product lines, shipments by size-class diverge but are quite likely to reverse during the next or subsequent quarters.  Hydraulic shovels/excavators bounced back part way from the significant Q2 decline (+18% after -33% Q2/Q1).  As we’ve often noted, secular changes are only evident over several years.

Q2 continued to reflect general mining market improvement but with some unusual divergences that may simply reflect quarterly rebalancing of manufacturing and delivery activities among the several major suppliers.  They may also be indicative of mines’ priorities among equipment types as they continue to restock following the contraction that ended in Q3 2020.  Our index of equipment shipments (based on estimated value of shipments and indexed to 2007 = 100) was 71 for Q2, up just 4% above Q1 but a more robust 27% YoY. This latter gauge will likely record even more positive growth for Q3 shipments as the comparison will then be with the Q3 2020 bottom.  The index remains nearly one-fourth below the previous cyclical peak (Q4 2018) representing a gauge of how far manufacturers have to return to that previous level of production.  In summary, the current growth phase of the equipment business cycle appears to be on-track but not as growth-oriented as we expected at this early stage of recovery/expansion following the Q3 2020 cyclical bottom.

As indicated by our index, there was a 23% increase in unit volume but just 4% in estimated value of shipments.  The explanation derives chiefly from the product mix and, to a limited extent, shift in size classes within each product line.  The numbers of lower-value dozers and wheel loaders were up 63% and 50% Q/Q but each around 25% Y/Y.  Unit trucks shipments were up 13% Q/Q but just 3% in value.  We expect this to balance in the second half with more of the large (220 mt+) trucks being delivered based on large orders placed during the past 12 months.  And despite the modest gains in Q2, truck shipments were the highest in two years. Deliveries of the very high-value excavators and shovels declined by 29% Q/Q and nearly 40% in the value of these shipments.  We expect this product category to bounce back in the second half of 2021 to better match the levels of truck shipments.

Gains in shipments to mines in Australasia, Africa, North America, and Russia/CIS were offset by a sharp decline in deliveries to Latin America, Asia and Europe/Middle East with the greatest impact stemming from Latin America.  As we have noted in the past, quarterly shipments by region can be highly variable and, in particular, we don’t expect the low level of demand from Latin American mines to continue.

Parker Bay continues to expect strong growth during the second half of 2021 based on:

• general mining activity including strong mineral prices and increasing production,
• new mine commissionings and recommissioning of mines previously placed on ‘care-and-maintenance’,
• reports of major new machine orders,
• used equipment market conditions including limited availability and pricing (typically a predecessor to growth in new equipment sales).

As always, there is uncertainty and impediments to growth, e.g., government and non-government objections and limitation to new mine development.  But there does appear to be continuing mitigation of the adverse effects of the pandemic.  So our assessment is that the positive factors will outweigh the negative for the balance of 2021 and into next year.

Shipments during the first three months of 2021 slowed from the rapid pace recorded in the last quarter of 2020.  The number of machines delivered was essentially level while the value of these shipments increased by 6.3% (due to changes in product mix and size-classes within products).  Thus Parker Bay’s Surface Mining Equipment Index (value-weight with Q1 2007 = 100) rose to 68.4, the highest since Q3 2019.  In contrast, unit deliveries increased by 12.9% YoY while value of shipments were higher by just 7.6% compared to Q1 2020, pointing out once again that quarterly variations can often be quite irregular.  Taken in this context, the market expansion appears to be continuing albeit at a slower pace.  But we would expect to see higher growth during the balance of the year especially in light of strong mineral market dynamics and a presumed global economic recovery from the pandemic-induced contraction.

Shifts among products were even more pronounced than usual.  Unit shipments of hydraulic shovel/excavators were up more than a third; trucks by 15%.  In sharp contrast, crawler and wheel dozer deliveries were down by one fourth and wheel loaders by over 35%.  Shifts within each product line are even less reliable indicators of long-term trends.  Average truck capacity was little changed Q1 2021/Q4 2020 but large gains were recorded at both ends of the size range with both 90-mt payload units and ultra-class units showing the greatest gains.

Geographically, shipments growth accelerated in Latin America to the highest level in seven years while gains in Australasia represented a mere rebound from the Q4 level which was the weakest in four years.  Shipments to African mines, which typically swing up and down, decreased by nearly 20% as did North American deliveries.  Deliveries to mines in Russia/CIS continued the Q4 recovery after very weak sales during the first three quarters of last year.

The total number of machines delivered during Q4 2020 increased by 35% while the value of these machines was 26% higher than Q3.  This is a substantial break from the contraction that began in Q1 2019 and which brought equipment markets down more than 40% over the seven quarters ending with Q3 2020.  Parker Bay’s Mining Equipment Index (Q1 2007 = 100) peaked during the last expansion cycle at 92.7, then declined to 50.7.  This index increased to 63.7 indicating the global market may have experienced an inflection point with sustained and substantial growth possible in 2021 and beyond.  It’s an understatement to suggest there may be ‘headwinds’ as the global economy and mineral markets continue to deal with the pandemic and it’s impact on every facet of life. But a recovery in mining equipment markets does appear to be underway.

Manufacturers produced and delivered (761) machines during Q4, up from just (562) in Q3.  This brought the annual total to just over 2,600; nearly one-third below the 2019 total.  The value of Q4 shipments totaled US$1.4 billion vs US$1.1 billion for Q3.  For the year, shipments barely topped US$5 billion, a 25% decline over 2019.  And for reference, during the peak of the SuperCycle that ended in 2012, annual shipments topped US$14 billion.

Overall, it appears markets are recovering but it should be noted that this is a single quarterly gain, albeit a strong one.  Should global economies continue to recover despite the adverse constraints imposed by the virus pandemic, the mining sector is expected to improve through 2021 and beyond.  And along with it, mining equipment markets are expected to show significant gains.  How significant is an open question.

The number of machines delivered in Q3 declined by 7.7% from Q2 shipments while value of these delivered dropped by 7.2%, reflecting a modest shift toward higher-value equipment as well as shifts toward larger-scale units within the product lines.  But these changes are generally insignificant.  On a year-over-year basis the decline was just over one-third (units) and 30% (value).  And from the peak of the last cycle the declines were 48% and 45%.  Given the ongoing economic and mining industry turmoil brought on by the pandemic, it’s difficult to assert the industry has reached a cyclical ‘bottom’ but it does appear the contraction is softening over the past two quarters.

Underlying these overall figures are some very substantial variations by product, mineral and geographic sectors.  Truck and dozer shipments were down double-digits Q/Q with truck deliveries off nearly 40% YoY.  In sharp contrast, hydraulic excavators were up more than 40% from Q2 while wheel loaders were essentially flat.  Excavator deliveries have been very volatile in 2020, declining by nearly half between Q1 and Q2, then recovering most of that loss in Q3.  Similar shifts are evident in the geographic numbers. Substantial declines occurred in most regions: Africa -22% (measured in value), Latin America -17%, North America -19%, Russia/CIS -30%.  Shipments to Australasian mines increased by a modest 5% while deliveries to Asian mines were up 24% and those to Europe/Middle East gained over 40%.  But worthy of note, the latter two regions are substantially smaller in overall size than the others.

Changes to shipments by mineral shift dramatically quarter by quarter and Q3 was no exception.  Despite generally unfavorable long-term prospects, coal remains the largest sector with over 20% of the value of all Q3 shipments.  While this was essentially unchanged from Q2, it represents a 44% drop from Q3 2019.  Gold mines recorded a 43% decline Q3/Q2 but were +26% YoY reflecting very strong pricing.  Copper was up 9% but sharply lower YoY.  In contrast, iron mining deliveries were down by one fourth Q3/Q2 but up modestly YoY.   Shipments to oil sands mining (a substantially smaller and geographically more concentrated sector) have been extremely volatile but in general decline (-50% YoY) reflecting pandemic induced declines in oil demand and attendant oil pricing.

Q2 deliveries totaled 637 units and with an aggregate value of US$1.23 billion.  This represents a decline of just 6% in units and 11% in $ value – less than Parker Bay expected given the severe, virus-driven closures and declines in many other business sectors.  It’s worth noting that these equipment markets had already weakened substantially over the previous five calendar quarters such that Q2 total units were down 47% and market value 40% from shipment levels at the end of 2018.  With the unique worldwide economic conditions within which miners and equipment manufacturers are operating, it is extremely difficult to determine whether current levels represent a bottom for the contraction cycle that began at the end of 2018.  But we do estimate that deliveries are now below long-term replacement requirements.  And postponing such replacement of economically and physically obsolete units can only be delayed for a relatively short time if mine production is to be maintained.

The value of shipments (measured in recently depreciated US dollars) declined more than units because of shifts between and within product lines.  High-value hydraulic shovels/excavators declined by 42%.  And while truck deliveries were down just 5%, units in the ultra-class segment (290-mt+ payload) declined by 26%.  Offsetting their reduced shipments was an increase in dozer deliveries (+19%).  Analogous to trucks, wheel loader unit volume was up 2% while value declined 5% reflecting growth in the smaller (20-mt payload) units.  Oftentimes these differences are reversed in subsequent quarters.  When compared to levels reached at the peak of the last expansion cycle in Q4 2018, equipment shipments are down substantially for all product lines with the exception of low-volume electric shovels (+67%).

Geographically and by mineral, the changes in shipments varied widely on a quarter-over-quarter basis with Africa up 47% and all other regions down to varying degrees:  1% for Russia/CIS while North and Latin American mines each declined by more than 30%.  Deliveries to coal, copper and other minerals declined Qtr/Qtr while shipments to gold, iron and oil sands all increased.  Other than our usual caveat that short-term shipments do not necessarily represent longer-term shifts in market shares, we would suggest that declining global prospects for utility coal demand is translating into greatly reduced equipment requirements which is reflected in both the latest and recent measures.

Mining equipment shipments declined during Q1 2020 but at a slower rate than recorded during the second half of last year.  Although these deliveries were made in the face of the ongoing virus pandemic, it is unclear how significant the global health crisis and accompanying economic contraction was on shipments that were underway when the mining industry began coping with the virus spread during the first months of 2020.  This impact will undoubtedly become more substantial during Q2 and the balance of the year.  Furthermore, industry capex and ordering of large new production equipment began a significant contraction during the middle of 2019 with the factors driving this current down cycle only exacerbated by the mining sector’s response.

Units delivered declined by 7.5% vs. Q4 2019 while the estimated value of these deliveries was less than 1% below that of the previous quarter.  After reaching a plateau 9 to 18 months ago, shipments have retraced approximately half of the gains recorded during the 2016-2019 expansion cycle.  While further declines can be expected, they might not be as severe as other measures of mining sector and general business activity that is widely expected as the world copes with the pandemic’s economic impact.

The decline in Q1 deliveries was uneven across product lines with mining trucks declining while shipments of hydraulic shovels increased, wheel loaders and electric/cable shovels were unchanged and dozers declined modestly.  Average size of those truck shipments increased.  As in the past, all these shipment numbers are subject to minor additions and adjustments as manufacturers’ refine their initial accounting (these have been insignificant in recent reporting).  And quarter-to-quarter changes by product, geographic and mineral sectors may not represent longer-term market shifts.

Equipment markets continued the contraction that started in Q1 2019 and accelerated during the second half of the year.  During the fourth quarter, global shipments declined by an additional 11% (units) and the value of these deliveries dropped by an estimated US$150 million (down 9% vs Q3).  On a year-over year basis, unit shipments in 2019 were 18% lower than during 2018 while total estimated value declined by 12%.  The latter reflects a continued shift toward larger/higher-value products and, within product lines, larger size classes.

The quarterly decline was due almost entirely to a reduction in mining truck deliveries which were off 16% vs Q3.  Shipments of excavating equipment (hydraulic shovels/excavators, wheel loaders, electric/rope shovels) and dozers were virtually unchanged.  This is in sharp contrast to the decline recorded during Q3 when shipments for these product lines accounted for a substantial share of the overall reduction in equipment deliveries.

There was a wide divergence in equipment deliveries among geographic regions with sharp reversals of changes recorded during Q3.   Whereas shipments to North and Latin American mines increased Q3 over Q2 (vs. sharp contractions for other regions), they declined sharply during Q4 while shipments to Asia and Russia/CIS increased modestly.  The distribution by mineral markets likewise exhibited wide divergence.  Copper – down 53%; oil sands down 28%; coal down 2%; gold up 49%; iron up 8%.  As Parker Bay has noted in the past, changes in quarterly shipments are often not reflective of longer-term shifts in product/geographic/mineral markets.

Possible revised reports by participating manufacturers plus additions for non-participating manufacturers will likely raise the current shipment totals.  But experience indicates such changes are likely to be minor (1-4%).  And these will almost certainly not change the fact that equipment markets declined substantially during 2019 albeit not nearly as severely as during the first year of the 2013-2015 contraction.

Just 835 machines were delivered during Q3 — a 24% decline vs. Q2.  The value of these shipments was 17% lower than Q2 reflecting disproportionately greater reductions in the delivery of lower-priced product lines and smaller units within those product lines.  While this marks the third quarterly decline this year, it is far greater than those recorded in Q1 and Q2 which appeared to be more of a pause in the latest expansion cycle.  It appears to mark the end of the recovery/expansion that began in Q2 2016 but the severity of the decline is disproportionate to conditions in other mining activity.

The declines are widespread but mask substantial variations by product line, size, geography and mineral with some sectors increasing while others dropped even more sharply than the overall contraction.  Shipments of mining trucks (by far the largest product line in terms of both units and value) were down by 25%; excavators/loaders by 22% with hydraulic shovels/loaders leading the decline.  Crawler and wheel dozer shipments were down by 14%.  In sharp contrast, electric/rope shovel deliveries tripled but the volume for these extremely large excavators is very small.

Geographically, the changes during Q3 reflect a reversal of the strength in several regions while ones that lagged behind during the expansion to date increased during Q3.  Shipments to mines in Russia/CIS decline by over 40%; those in Australasia by 27% (with a much larger drop in deliveries to Indonesia).  In contrast, North American shipments increased by 14%; Latin American deliveries by 24%.  This ‘rotation’ among sectors was anticipated, but not the severity of the declines.

Similarly a ‘rotation’ in mineral sectors seems to be developing if Q3 shifts continue.  Shipments to coal miners in India, Indonesia and Russia — which led the expansion over the past 2+ years – declined sharply in Q3 with global shipments to coal mines off by 37%, accompanied by reductions in deliveries to oil sands (-10%) and gold (-8%).  However, copper mine deliveries were up 58% and iron +13%.

As we’ve often noted, quarter to quarter shipments, especially when broken down by product, size-class, geography and mineral, do not always represent longer-term trends.  But it is hard to categorize the substantial decline in Q3 shipments as a glitch.  It is possible that subsequent revisions to manufacturers’ shipments will raise currently reported levels but these typically amount to single-digit revisions.  And it is possible that short-term order placements or manufacturers’ inventory adjustments had a disproportionate impact on reported shipments that will be reversed in Q4.  It is also possible that the contraction will continue for the balance of 2019 and into 2020.  But Parker Bay does NOT anticipate any contraction to be of the intensity or duration of the one experienced during 2013-2016.

Activity in the large mining equipment sector has clearly leveled off during the first half of 2019 after three years of recovery and expansion.  In our opinion, it’s not clear yet whether this represents the beginning of a market contraction or simply a pause in a longer-run growth cycle.  Mineral output levels and pricing are not moving in unison and are impacted by both general economic trends (e.g., the trade dispute between China and the U.S.) and events impacting individual sectors (e.g., the impact of the tragic tailings dam failure in Brazil).  And with production/delivery lead times for many of the products covered in the Database, it’s difficult to determine how these factors impact shipments data calendar quarter to quarter.

Nevertheless, the data for Q2, along with similar results for Q1, point to an inflection point versus the positive trend that began in Q2 2016.  This is reflected in Parker Bay’s Large Mining Equipment Index which declined by one percent (Q2/Q1) and now stands at 88.5 (2007 = 100).  This index is value-weighted utilizing a constant-U.S. dollar price.  And it masks significant shifts by product, mineral and geography.

Although the value of shipments declined by just one percent, units shipped dropped by nearly 8%.  Deliveries of higher-value excavating/loading equipment increased appreciably: hydraulic shovels/excavators by 22%, wheel loaders by 17%.  Offsetting these was 23% decline in crawler and wheel dozer deliveries which had increased by more than one-third between Q3 2018 and Q1 2019.  Mining truck shipments, which account for the majority of machines shipped, declined by more than 5%; but only 1% on a value-weighted basis as strong growth in deliveries of ultra-class trucks helped balance declines across the smaller classes.

First quarter 2019 mining equipment deliveries indicate a marked slowing in the volume of shipments and a 5% decline in the value (the latter being our rough estimate based on approximate prices by product/size-class).  In total, unit deliveries were up by just five machines vs. Q4 2018 (+0.4%).  At the same time, Q1 shipments were more than 10% higher than Q1 2018.  And it should be remembered that further reporting and refinement of these shipments frequently results in minor upward revision (+1% to +5%).  But even if such adjustments materialize, the Q1 will represent a decided leveling off of the growth the industry has experienced since mid-2016.  Whether this is the beginning of a sustained contraction or just a ‘pause’ in the current contraction will depend on both internal mining market dynamics as well as global economic and political developments.

As is usually the case, this overall change in shipments masks more significant shifts by product, geography and mineral.   Mining truck shipments, which account for the lion’s share of the total, increased by just five machines, but this total was 5% lower than Q1 2018.  Hydraulic shovel/excavator delivers decline by 26%.  While the number of units in this product category is small relative to mining trucks, average value/price of these machines is much higher.  And the accounts for almost the entire decline in the industry’s total shipments value for Q1.  Crawler and wheel dozers shipments continue to increase sharply: +14% vs. Q1 and +88% vs. Q1 2018.  While difficult to measure, we believe this growth is due in large part to the much lower availability of ‘late model’ dozers in the used equipment markets.  Other product line shipments were relatively unchanged.

Geographically, deliveries to mines and contractors in Russia/CIS and Australasia maintained the strong positions they established in 2018 but shipments to Australasia decline both absolutely and as a share of the global total while shipments to Russia/CIS increase.  North American mines accounted for a 14% share of Q1 vs. just 10% for all of 2018.  Latin American and African deliveries declined while shipments to Asian mines increased.

With respect to shipments by mineral market, coal continued as the primary sector accounting for more than 50% of shipments.  Copper and iron mines maintained their relative shares but shipments to gold mines declined substantially.  The latter may reflect major gold miners’ focus several major mergers and, if so, major capex commitments for these machines may resume in the year ahead as management assesses their new asset bases post-merger.

Globally, a total of 1,221 units were delivered in Q4 2018.  This represents only a 1% increase over the revised Q3 total but more than 30% vs. Q4 2017.  However, the value of Q4 shipments increased by a more substantial 5.6% over Q3 as miners shifted some capex to larger-scale equipment, something that has lagged during the recovery/expansion to date.

It should also be noted that on average, quarterly reports have been revised upward by ~5% recently.  For example, total 2017 shipments were originally reported at 3,285 but they now total 3,399.   But even if Q4 2018 figures are revised upward, it appears evident that growth in equipment demand and subsequent shipments has been slowing now for three quarters.  This may not signal a downturn and there are factors that could drive demand significantly higher.  But optimism for 2019 should be tempered by other factors including projections of slowing global economic growth and the potential impact on mineral demand from international trade disputes.

Total Q3 mining equipment unit shipments decreased by about 1% vs. Q2.  But significant changes in the product mix toward larger, higher-value machines resulted in a four percent gain in the value of these shipments to more than US$1.8 billion.  Changes from quarter to quarter often reflect short-term factors and may not persist going forward.  Looking back over a longer period – Q3 2018 vs 2017 – the gains are far more substantial: +29% in units and +22% in value.

The first noteworthy difference in Q3 data is in the product mix: excavating and loading equipment, deliveries of which have lagged those of the trucks they are matched with during the recovery and expansion cycle, increase by 21% while trucks increased by just 7%.  In sharp contrast, crawler and wheel dozers declined by 28% after nearly doubling across the previous three reporting periods.  Hence the decrease in volume but increase in overall value.

Geographically, the very rapid growth in shipments to mines in Russia/CIS was sharply reversed in Q3 with total deliveries down 29% and falling below year-ago levels.  Nevertheless, shipments to Russian miners remained second only to Indonesia among national markets.  Indonesia continued the surprisingly strong gains in shipments propelled by continuing growth in coal markets and the contractors that support this mining sector.  Australia also contributed to the Q3 growth in Australasia with the region accounting 40% of the global value of these products.  Significant (though lesser) gains were recorded by North and Latin American mines.   Among the smaller mining regions, Asia and Europe, Middle East markets gained while deliveries to African mines declined.  Given the smaller size of these regions, quarter-to-quarter changes may not reflect longer-term trends.

Changes in the mineral distribution continued the trend away from coal, but coal mines collectively remained the largest buyers during Q3 with Indonesian and Russian mines accounting for over 70% of shipments to coal mining.   Among the other major mineral markets, deliveries to copper and iron mines continued to increase and represented a combined 32% of the value of Q3 shipments vs. just 26% during Q2. These deliveries were dominated by Latin American copper mines whilst iron mining shipments were split more evenly among mines in Australia, Brazil and to a lesser degree North America and Russia/CIS.  Shipments to oil sands increased while deliveries to gold mines declined.  All these mineral market shares should be considered preliminary as a significant number of machines have not been identified by mineral (as yet).

Parker Bay considers this slowing of the current expansion cycle a ‘pause’ rather than foreshadowing a downturn.   The gains recorded among larger miners reflect increasing capex both for sustaining existing production and some initial increases to that existing capacity.

This latest report marks two full years of growth since markets bottomed out in Q2 2016. Since then, deliveries have tripled yet remain well below the peak level achieved in 2012. Compared to Q1 2018, unit shipments are up 7% and 33% year-over-year. The value of shipments is estimated to have been virtually unchanged over the past three months. The divergence of units and value stems largely from the product mix with most Q2 increases recorded for smaller dozers, drills and graders. In contrast, truck deliveries (which account for the majority of units and value shipped) increases by less than 1%. Hydraulic shovels/excavators increased by 27%; crawler and wheel dozers = 37%, motor graders = 42%; drills = 83%. Wheel loaders and electric/rope shovels declined and continue to lag behind the other product lines during the current expansion cycle.

The distribution by mineral sectors shifted, to a degree, away from coal, gold and oil sands and toward copper, iron and other metals. However, the gains in the latter were relatively modest and do not yet reflect major investments in new or expanding capacity among these very large-scale operations. Geographically the largest gains were recorded by mines in Africa (+53%) and Latin America (+31%), but mines in Australasia and Russia/CIS continue as the largest destinations for new equipment; this despite quarterly increases of just 6% respectively. North American shipments declined by over 30%. While some of these changes may reflect secular trends (e.g., contraction of North American coal), others may simply result from short-term timing of individual mines’ requirements.

The expansion that began in the second half of 2016 continued in Q1 2018 and for the first time in nearly five years, quarterly deliveries topped 1,000 units. This represents a 15% increase over Q4 2017. But using a value-weight index, the growth was a more modest 10% vs. Q4. When combined with the gains recorded last year, the value of machines shipped in Q1 totaled nearly USD1.8 billion vs. USD1.2 billion in Q1 2017. By virtually any measure, the gains are significant and indicative of a substantial and sustained expansion cycle. Within these totals, there are significant variations. For example, mining truck shipments have increased by almost 50% over the past year; crawler and wheel dozers by just 25%. Shipments to many of the largest mines in the largest mining regions (North and Latin America, Australia) have lagged behind newer/developing sectors (Africa, Asia, Russia/CIS). Shipments to major new “greenfield” projects are rare. Mining contractors have taken delivery of a disproportionately higher share of all shipments in Q1: 25% vs. 20% of the installed population. As with any statistical series, it may be difficult assessing these changes, and judging whether they represent cyclical aberrations or more significant secular shifts in equipment markets.

The results for Q4 are quite good and continue the recovery and expansion that began in the second half of 2016. Across all products, Q4 shipments, measured by units delivered, increased by 7% vs. Q3 and 11% weighted by value. The latter reflects the relatively stronger deliveries of ‘higher-ticket’ items – larger mining trucks, electric and hydraulic shovels – versus lower capital cost products like dozers and wheel loaders. A number of trends noted in previous shipment reports continued in Q4. Truck shipments continued strong while other products either grew at slower rates or even declined from Q3 levels. Deliveries of hydraulic shovels/excavators, wheel loaders and dozers were all down Q4/Q3. But only wheel loader shipments recorded a decline (<1%) for the full year 2017 vs 2016. Excavators and dozers were both up 27% vs. 2016. Shipments of very high-price but very low-volume electric/rope shovels were sharply higher for both Q4/Q3 and 2017/2016.Regionally, mines in Australasia and Russia/CIS continued to lead the expansion cycle although the gains in Russia/CIS slowed sharply in Q4. African and Latin American mines took on substantially larger numbers in both Q4 and full-year. But North America and Europe/Middle East lagged over all markets with North American mines taking delivery of fewer machines in Q4 vs. Q3 and very modest gains year-over-year. Coal mines continued their surprisingly strong demand and accounted for 47% of all units shipped worldwide. But this is down from the 61% share recorded in Q4 2016 and Q1 2017. The most dramatic shift in Q4 shipments was the 30% share accounted for by gold mines. In contrast, deliveries to copper, iron and oil sands all remained below historical levels and shares – just a 20% cumulative share of total shipments in Q4.These gains in shipments are accompanied by the first substantive increase since 2013 for the active machine population which increased over the past year by 4.5% to nearly 74,000 machines in operation. During January alone, the Database updates include more than 400 machines put back into service while fewer than 100 were identified as newly decommissioned. A general assessment of mining and equipment markets leads Parker Bay to conclude that these markets will continue to record strong gains in 2018. Even after the 605+ increase in machine shipments last year, the overall market is at least 50% below the peak levels of 2012. With favorable mineral pricing and demand expected to continue, miners are likely to continue stepping up capex plans with machine shipments to follow.

Third quarter deliveries continued the trend that started in the third quarter of 2016 and reinforce the many other indications of a sustained and growing recovery and expansion of mining and equipment markets worldwide. Although not every market segment expanded during Q3, the overall market increased by approximately 11% vs. the very strong gains recorded during Q2. And when comparing these latest shipments to those of a year ago, the gain is an impressive 83% (number of units). Mining trucks, by far the largest product sector, increase by nearly 20%, surpassing 600 unit deliveries for first time since Q2 2013. The gains recorded by manufacturers of excavators/loaders were even stronger during Q3 (+43%) after lagging behind truck shipments during earlier stages of this expansion phase. But in contrast, crawler and wheel dozer shipments lagged these primary production products with shipments contracting by 17% vs. Q2 and up just 6% year-over-year. This latest result may be anomalous and could represent a need for miners to focus their still restrained capex on those products essential to maintaining and growing mineral output. We would expect a recovery and acceleration in dozer deliveries in the near future.

Open pit mining equipment deliveries increased 21% in units (24% increase in value of these deliveries) as compared to Q1 2017, and a very impressive 92% year-over-year increase in units shipped during Q2 2016 (which represented the bottom of the last contraction cycle). Having now increased for four consecutive quarters and by a substantial amount, it seems appropriate to consider the mining equipment markets in a sustained expansion phase. Related measures of mining industry activity (mineral production and prices, mining company revenues and profits, capex, acquisitions of major mine assets) all point toward these results continuing for the balance of 2017 and beyond. As always there are exceptions and the potential for reversals.

Growth in manufacturers’ shipments to end-users slowed in Q1 following very substantial gains in Q3 and Q4 2016. Most of these increases were achieved in smaller products and units (dozers, graders, drills), while the numbers of mining trucks, hydraulic shovels/excavators, and wheel loaders all declined modestly. While that latter might be viewed negatively, it is should be noted that the declines were small and relative to Q4 only. For example, after 45% between Q3 and Q4, the number of trucks shipped declined by less than 4% in Q4. And Q1 truck shipments were 25% higher than the average quarterly deliveries during 2016. As we’ve cautioned before, there is a risk in reading too much into changes from one calendar quarter to the next. The recovery on mining equipment demand/shipments appears to be continuing but is not so strong as to consistently produce the gains recorded at the end of last year.

Fourth quarter surge in shipments of large mining equipment may signal sustainable market recovery. Having reached what appears to have been ‘rock bottom’ of the severe, four-year contraction in large equipment deliveries, shipments of large mobile surface mining machines shipped during the last calendar quarter of 2016 (as measured by Parker Bay’s Mobile Mining Equipment Index) increased by almost one-third (units) with aggregate value increasing by 28% vs. Q3. These gains came on top of significant improvements during the July-September quarter. Coupled with a myriad of other markers of mining industry improvement, this may well signal the beginning of a sustainable growth cycle.

Mining Equipment deliveries increased 13% over Q2 which was also revised upward by 3% owing to additional units added. As is usually the case, the gains were quite uneven by product, size, region and mineral. In particular shipments of smaller machines increased substantially faster than larger units with the increase in valuation roughly half that of unit shipments. While these figures are encouraging, in large part they reflect the extraordinarily low level of shipments in the first half of this year. Even with further gains in Q4, full-year 2016 shipments are likely to fall well below the already depressed 2015 level. But combined with other measures of mining market activity, these gains may be the start of an industry recovery.

Whether compared to previous reports sequentially (Q2 vs. Q1 2016), year-over-year (Q2 2016 vs. Q2 2015) or vs. the peak levels that were obtained in 2012, the latest reported deliveries are dismal. Annualizing the latest numbers would appear to result in 2016 shipments equal to less than one quarter’s shipments during 2012. And it ranks among the worst quarters in the past 20 years. There are a number of mining industry measures that appear to indicate an end to the industry-wide contraction, but these are certainly not yet reflected in equipment shipments tracked by Parker Bay.

The value of shipments declined again in the first quarter of the year by nearly 9%; and across all product lines, measured by units delivered, by a substantial 17% from Q4 2015. The large discrepancy between the two owing to some gains among the largest trucks and shovels. The decline was not uniform by product, market or manufacturer and quarter-to-quarter changes may not be representative of longer-term market shares but the cumulative results are nevertheless discouraging.With the total now below 500 units, follow-up reporting by participating manufacturers may change the magnitude of the decline by a greater percentage than when the totals were much higher at the peak. But it seems likely that whatever further reporting may occur, the market contracted yet again. Given the severe contraction that has already occurred, the decline in shipments is fewer than 100 units and a small percentage of the peak levels. But the successive quarterly declines over the past four years brings the cumulative reduction in deliveries to more than 75%. By way of comparison, we calculated the comparable contraction during the last cycle that began in the late-1990’s and it was just under 40%. There are some changes in the level of product and geographic coverage between these two time-frames, but there’s little doubt that the current decline is far more severe than the last one.

Measured in dollar value of equipment, fourth quarter deliveries declined an additional 4.5% from the 3rd quarter and 26% year-over-year. That means current shipments are nearly 75% lower than the cyclical high reached in the first quarter of 2012. But while the total value of equipment deliveries continued to fall, units shipped actually rose by more than 6% in the 4th quarter. This divergence is the result of both an uptick in the smallest size classes, particularly trucks and dozers, and a further deterioration of deliveries of the largest trucks, electric shovels and hydraulic excavators.As we’ve mentioned previously, the larger size classes tend to lag a couple quarters behind their smaller counterparts in the overall market cycle. But while an increase in unit shipments is promising, we do not appear to be on the cusp of a strong recovery. More likely the mining equipment market has reached the point where mines can’t further delay the replacement of aging fleets. This replacement demand should at least put a floor on machine shipments in the short term and act as the primary driver for a return to growth in the coming years.Parker Bay’s recently released “”Market Analysis and Forecast Loading & Haulage Equipment” analyzes the historical evolution of the market and the current conditions facing the sector and forecasts the demand for equipment through 2020 by region, mineral and size class.

The mining equipment sector failed to hold the small gains recorded in the second quarter, falling to new cyclical lows in Q3 2015. The market was down more than 5% in unit deliveries and around 9% in equipment value, reflecting a greater decline in the larger size classes. This constitutes barely a fourth of the equipment shipped in the first quarter of 2012 when the market peaked. While there may be minor revisions in the coming months, it is unlikely to raise the reported total by more than a few percentage points if that.No geographic market has been spared the downturn, but areas such as Asia, Australia and Latin America that saw the largest growth in machine populations throughout the minerals super cycle have been hit particularly hard. Many of these mining markets now have surplus capacity that is no doubt suppressing new machine deliveries and will continue to do so at least in the short term.Though we believe that we’re seeing the bottom of the current contraction, it appeared that way a year ago before mineral markets deteriorated further and the small uptick in shipments reversed course. Though mineral markets aren’t expected to recover substantially in the near future, replacement demand will drive new deliveries higher as the market works through the surplus stock of equipment and miners are forced to replace machines that are already beyond their typical service life. Parker Bay’s “Market Analysis and Forecast Loading & Haulage Equipment” report analyzes the changes in the mining equipment market and forecasts equipment demand through 2020. The full report will be published in the coming weeks.

Total units shipped increased by just 2.5% vs. Q12015. Excluding the value of a single large and very high-value dragline delivered in Q1, the value of shipments (Parker Bay estimate, market level prices, fob manufacturer) also increased by 2%. Considering the severity of the Q1 decline and the magnitude of this latest increase, the result gives little reason for optimism short-term.By product line, mining truck deliveries (which account for a majority of all shipments) increased by just 6%. If the current shipment rate continues in the second half of 2015, deliveries will fall by roughly 20% vs. the already very weak 2014 total and less than a third of the peak truck shipments achieved in 2012. There was a significant shift in the size of trucks delivered during Q2: units with payloads of 231-mt and greater declined by 11% while those in the 90- to 190-mt range increased by 13%. This might reflect the severity of large mining companies’ cuts in capital expenditures as they relate to the very largest developments. But we do not expect this to evolve into a long-term shift away from the higher-capacity units.Unlike the modest gains in mining truck shipments, deliveries of excavators/loaders rebounded sharply during Q2 with overall shipments up nearly 50% with gains driven by both hydraulic shovels/excavators and wheel loaders. At this rate, shipments of excavators/loaders will roughly equal 2014 totals but fall below the 2012 number by more than 60%. As with mining trucks, there was a significant shift between size-classes. Units with payload ratings of 35-mt or lower nearly tripled from the severely depressed Q1 number, while units with payloads of 40-mt or greater declined by 13%.

The market for the largest mobile equipment utilized by the world’s highest-producing surface miners retraced modest gains achieved at the end of last year and fell below the lowest levels recorded for the current market contraction. After revised gains of 4% in the final quarter of 2014, deliveries were down more than 17% in Q1 2015.
Parker Bay previously noted the gains in the second half of 2014 as potentially signaling a market recovery while also noting that the volume and percentage of those was quite small. The latest numbers appear to contradict that assessment. Whatever recovery might be taking place in mining markets is having negligible effect on demand for large surface mining equipment to date. It now seems likely that 2015 will be no better or only marginally better than the very depressed 2014 levels. And any sustained and substantial recovery will occur in 2016 or later.

The final quarter of 2014 offered further evidence that the worst may indeed be behind us as we noted last quarter. Fourth quarter shipments were up 3% over the previous quarter. While by no means the swift recovery we saw in 2009, it is nonetheless a positive sign for the industry. Unit deliveries were 2% higher than Q3 and more than 13% above the second quarter.
But despite the positive finish to 2014, year-over-year shipments were down nearly 40% and more than 63% compared to 2012 deliveries. Replacement demand remains a key factor with few shipments to new operations. Depressed mineral prices continue to impede a strong return to growth but barring a significant drop in mineral production, the mining equipment market could continue its slow recovery in just maintaining the existing stock of equipment.

After two and a half years in decline, the mining equipment market turned up slightly in the third quarter. Unit deliveries were 12% higher than 2Q though the increase on a value-weighted basis was less than half a percent. As can be surmised, shipments of the very largest machines continued downward for the most part with growth coming from the smaller size classes. Larger equipment classes typically lag some months behind in the cycle so increasing value as well as unit volume could characterize coming quarterly deliveries.
Deliveries to copper mines were down nearly 50% from 2Q to 3Q after faring best among mineral classes through the downturn through June. While coal and gold mines, where equipment deliveries fell more than 80% in the past two and a half years, both appear to have bottomed out or even turned up slightly. Replacement demand is likely a major factor in recent quarters with no new operations taking equipment in 3Q. While the need to replace the growing number of older units could boost deliveries further, stronger mineral market conditions will be needed to drive a healthy recovery.

Equipment deliveries to surface mining in Q2 were down 20% over Q1 and approximately two-thirds from the peak quarterly shipments level achieved in 1Q 2012. The market has now fallen below the lowest point of the 2009 contraction to levels not seen since the the start of 2005 when the industry was in the early stages of a 5-year growth cycle.
Given the severity of the current contraction, Parker Bay considers the 2Q shipments levels as a bottom for the equipment markets globally. However, several factors point to continued low levels of equipment deliveries including: ongoing weakness in demand for some minerals; reduced pricing for many others; greatly reduced capital expenditure plans for many major mining companies; and substantial numbers of equipment currently idled and for sale.

After a full two years in decline, mining equipment shipments are now hovering just slightly above the nadir reached in 2009 following the financial crisis. The first quarter of 2014 had the second fewest deliveries in the past 6 years.
Copper remains the strongest performer among the major mineral classes. For the second consecutive quarter, more equipment went to copper mines than coal; this compared to the last expansion cycle when deliveries to coal mining were nearly two and a half times that of copper. Nonetheless, coal shipments increased slightly after bottoming out in the fourth quarter of last year with less than a fourth as many units as two years prior.

Equipment deliveries were down another 7% in the final quarter of 2013. And just under 40% year-over-year compared to 2012. Seven quarters into the current down cycle, mines took delivery of forty percent as many machines as Q1 2012. While coal and gold continue to drag the market lower, mining equipment shipments to both copper and iron ore recovered in the final quarter. Copper in particular was up nearly a third in Q4 after four quarterly declines. It accounted for a fourth of all deliveries compared to its 12% share during the last growth cycle. This helped drive the Latin American market higher with more shipments than North America and Australasia combined.

Losses slowed in the 3rd quarter but continued their downward slide. The shipments total fell a further 10% for the quarter and now stands more than 50% below the total achieved in Q1 2012. While still above the absolute numbers delivered during the 2009 downturn, the relative/percentage decline is now greater than that down-cycle. And this downturn has extended longer than that one with the sixth consecutive quarterly decline. Hopefully the worst is over.

After showing some initial signs of recovery in Q1 with some of the smaller size classes leveling off or even growing slightly, second quarter results erased any hopes of a turnaround, coming in nearly 30% lower.  The market is now down 46% since the first quarter of 2012, surpassing the percentage decline in 2009 following the financial crisis. While equipment deliveries to coal mines have declined steadily since the current downturn began early last year, other mineral applications held up fairly well. But as iron ore and copper prices remain well below their 2011 peaks and with gold prices plunging since late last year, second quarter shipments to these key minerals saw their first significant drops of the current down cycle.

The first quarter of 2013 saw the fourth consecutive quarterly drop in mining equipment deliveries. However losses have slowed from the end of 2013 back to single-digits. But after a full year in decline, the market is off 25% from Q1 2012 and closer to a third in terms of the number of units.  In a somewhat positive sign for the market, Q1 2013 saw a slight uptick for some of the smaller size classes of equipment which had experience the sharpest declines to date. While not enough to offset the continued losses at the other end of the scale, this is the first indication that we may be reaching the bottom of the current down cycle. Deliveries of larger machines tend to lag a couple of quarters behind in the cycle.

Quarterly shipments were down 14% in the final quarter of 2012 and 12% YoY. This is the first year over year decline since the start of 2010. However despite finishing with 3 negative quarters in a row, 2012 shipments as a whole were up over 15% relative to 2011 coming down from the historical highs reached in the 1st quarter of last year.  The last downturn, which began at the end of 2008 lasted only 3 quarters though the drop was more severe than we’ve seen thus far. Units shipped are still twice what they were when the market touched bottom in the 3rd quarter of 2009. And with the unprecedented levels reached in the most recent expansion, it may take a little longer to return to growth this time.

While still one of the highest quarterly totals ever recorded, units shipped dropped 10% vs. Q2 and over 17% vs Q1 (likely the high point of the most recent cyclical expansion). Given these results and the widespread indications of other mining industry negatives, it is all but certain that the large mining equipment industry has entered a cyclical decline. The questions now are ones of degree and duration. It’s worth noting that even if the fourth quarter results decline substantially, it is most likely that year-over-year comparisons will show 2012 shipments as having increased vs 2011.  But Q3 was the first period that showed an unfavorable comparison to year-ago results and these are likely to continue into 2013. We are preparing an analysis of these trends along with a short- and long-term forecast of the mining truck and loading equipment markets that updates a report Parker Bay issued late last year (and which projected the current downturn).

After four consecutive quarters of record highs, the surface mining equipment market was down 5% in Q2. And with sharper declines for some of the smaller machines, units shipped actually fell closer to 8%. Whether this is the start of a more pronounced and extended correction remains to be seen. But despite the decline, this was still the second strongest quarter ever for surface mining equipment deliveries, up 26% year over year and slightly above Q4 2011.  And some products and size classes actually saw significant gains for the quarter but with longer lead times, this may have more to do with lagging behind than bucking the trend. Barring a huge decline in the second half, annual shipments will be up again for the year. What happens in the third quarter will indicate by how much. Four of the last six negative quarters were followed by a return to growth. 2009 on the other hand saw three consecutive quarters with 15%+ drops.

2012 began much like 2011 ended with yet another record quarter for surface mining equipment shipments. More than 3 times as many units were shipped in Q1 2012 as in the third quarter of 2009 when the market bottomed out. The mining equipment market has seen a spectacular double digit average quarterly growth rate in shipments over this period. When taken in this context, the 5.6% quarterly increase in Q1 2012 could indicate that shipments growth is slowing, though the index is not seasonally adjusted and historically 1st quarter shipments tend to slow a bit.  Parker Bay anticipates that shipments will more or less level off for the remainder of 2012 and then decline in 2013 before returning to growth. Parker Bay’s analysis and forecast of the mining equipment market will be further detailed in the upcoming edition of its Loading and Haulage Market Report.

Mining equipment shipments in the fourth quarter of 2011 reached a new historical high for the third consecutive quarter. The previous record was set in the final quarter of 2008 immediately preceding the downturn. The most recent figures are up 40% YoY and more than 150% since the market bottomed-out in the third quarter of 2009. This continues the sharp return to growth for the mining equipment market with only one negative quarter among the last 9.  And even that one is attributable more to seasonal variation than an actual downtick in equipment demand.